Product composition
Furnace oil (fuel oil, FO) is a residual fuel (motor spirit / gasoline, high speed diesel and kerosene are distillate fuels). It is a dark, viscous liquid at room temperature. It is a complex mix of hydrocarbons with carbon atoms ranging mainly from 20 to 55. It is produced by blending residues from various refinery processing units and diluting with middle distillates. |
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Specifications and regulations
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Specification |
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Burn grade: IS 1593 – 1982 (Reaffirmed in 2004) |
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DG grade: IS 15217 – 2002 |
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Marine grade: ISO 8217 – 2010 |
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Class C Petroleum product |
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Properties
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Parameter
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Unit
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Value
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Significance
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| Density |
g/cc |
0.97 – 1.07 |
Heavier product has less calorific value |
| Gross calorific value |
Kcal/Kg |
9,800 – 10,100 |
Key from customer perspective |
| Flash point |
0 C |
> 66 |
Not classified as flammable |
| Pour point |
0 C |
< 3 |
Pumpability may be affected in North India during winter |
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Key parameters
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Parameter
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Unit
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Value
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Significance
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| Viscosity |
cSt |
< 180 / 380 |
Medium viscosity and high viscosity products have different uses. |
Sulfur
|
% (m/m) |
< 4 |
Lower is better as it is less polluting. Important from regulatory point of view. |
Calculated Carbon
Aromaticity Index
(CCAI) |
- |
800 - 880 |
High value indicates difficulty in
burning. |
Conradson Carbon
Residue (CCR) |
% (m/m) |
12 - 20 |
High value indicates formation of soot and unburnt hydrocarbons. |
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Grades
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Grade
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Sulfur (%)
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Carbon residue (%)
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Significance
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| Burn |
< 4.0 |
Not specified |
Not specified |
| DG |
< 4.0 |
<15 |
< 300 |
| Marine (bunkering) |
< 4.5 |
800 - 880 |
High value indicates difficulty in
burning. |
Conradson Carbon
Residue (CCR) |
% (m/m) |
180 cSt: <15
180 cSt: < 150 |
180 cSt: <150
180 cSt: < 350 |
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Uses
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Boilers, furnaces, etc for heating |
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Diesel generator sets for electricity generation |
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Marine diesel engines |
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EOL facilities
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Coastal, rail and road evacuation |
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